The first email was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971. Coming to the understanding that a person can send an email to another person/machine by the @ symbol, which designates the machine that the email will be going too. In order to send an email people use an email client example being Microsoft outlook, however if a person choses to use free email from the internet then it is considered an email client from a web page examples being google and hotmail.
Most simple email server:
More complex Servers:
Most people have an email system that has two different servers running, the first is called the SMTP server (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) which is in charge of all outgoing mail. The second is the POP3/IMAP server, which is in charge of handling the incoming mail.
Email's are placed in packets, each indicate the address of the person sending the message and a few details about the message and then finally the text.
Extra Detailed explanation from How Stuff Works.com :
Outlook Express connects to the SMTP server at mail.howstuffworks.com using port 25.
Outlook Express has a conversation with the SMTP server, telling the SMTP server the address of the sender and the address of the recipient, as well as the body of the message.
The SMTP server takes the "to" address (jsmith@mindspring.com) and breaks it into two parts: the recipient name (jsmith) and the domain name (mindspring.com). If the "to" address had been another user at howstuffworks.com, the SMTP server would simply hand the message to the POP3 server for howstuffworks.com (using a little program called the delivery agent). Since the recipient is at another domain, SMTP needs to communicate with that domain.
The SMTP server has a conversation with a Domain Name Server, or DNS (see How Web Servers Work for details). It says, "Can you give me the IP address of the SMTP server for mindspring.com?" The DNS replies with the one or more IP addresses for the SMTP server(s) that Mindspring operates.
The SMTP server at howstuffworks.com connects with the SMTP server at Mindspring using port 25. It has the same simple text conversation that my e-mail client had with the SMTP server for HowStuffWorks, and gives the message to the Mindspring server. The Mindspring server recognizes that the domain name for jsmith is at Mindspring, so it hands the message to Mindspring's POP3 server, which puts the message in jsmith's mailbox. "
Outlook Express has a conversation with the SMTP server, telling the SMTP server the address of the sender and the address of the recipient, as well as the body of the message.
The SMTP server takes the "to" address (jsmith@mindspring.com) and breaks it into two parts: the recipient name (jsmith) and the domain name (mindspring.com). If the "to" address had been another user at howstuffworks.com, the SMTP server would simply hand the message to the POP3 server for howstuffworks.com (using a little program called the delivery agent). Since the recipient is at another domain, SMTP needs to communicate with that domain.
The SMTP server has a conversation with a Domain Name Server, or DNS (see How Web Servers Work for details). It says, "Can you give me the IP address of the SMTP server for mindspring.com?" The DNS replies with the one or more IP addresses for the SMTP server(s) that Mindspring operates.
The SMTP server at howstuffworks.com connects with the SMTP server at Mindspring using port 25. It has the same simple text conversation that my e-mail client had with the SMTP server for HowStuffWorks, and gives the message to the Mindspring server. The Mindspring server recognizes that the domain name for jsmith is at Mindspring, so it hands the message to Mindspring's POP3 server, which puts the message in jsmith's mailbox. "
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